face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 meadow 3 various kinds of grass (with seeds)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 луг, лужайка 3 различные виды трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/im 1, c?imgen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imen 2, c?im 1; c?emen 'тмин; пажитник'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aman 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?ima"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emen 2, 'bundle, bouquet'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym-c?olg|aj 'хлебенки (an edible bulbous plant')
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emene 'потничная трава'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n, c?ima"n 2 (< Pers.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?em/n 'горец, птичья гречишка' (Дмитриева-Саллонтаи VII, 49)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym 1; c?emirc?ek 'травянистое растение со съедобным корнем' (cf. also c?ymyldyq 'повилика', c?ymyldyryq, c?ymyndyq (dial.) 'чина')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?imen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The primary root is *c?ym 'turf', whence *c?im-gen 'meadow', borrowed in Pers. c?aman (see EDT 423; not vice versa, despite TMN 2, 99-100); but many of the modern forms meaning 'meadow' or 'bouquet' are already backloans from Persian.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 471, Федотов 1, 247. The OT word is questionable: an OT Hapax, but the second part (java) is also a plant root. Tag|na java was added to sour milk in order to colour it. Cf. Sak. ttum.gara, Tokh. B tva:n.Ka:rai, Tib. (Khotan) don-gra 'ginger'. Bailey derives from Iran. *tuvam-kara, i.e. 'made thick', but a Turkic origin (with Sak. suffixation) is also possible. If the Oyr. and Chuv. forms belong here the approximate PT reconstruction could be *Tagna 'root, stalk'. Turk. > Mong.: Khalkha ta:na 'лук многокорешковый'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 long 2 lie; grow 3 far 4 long (time), late
face="Times New Roman Star"1 длинный 2 лежать; расти 3 далекий 4 долгий, поздний
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 (MK, KB), uzaq (MK) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzak 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ozyn 1, ozaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzo|q 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, ozaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzan- 2, uzaG 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzy:n 1, uzaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"uza:n- 2, uza:q 3, uzu:.n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|rъw|m 1, vъw|rax 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uhun 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uhun 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 uza- 'удлиняться'
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"u_zu_n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1
face="Times New Roman Star"od|on 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1, uzaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1, uzyx| 3
face="Times New Roman Star"PT *ur/y-n 'long', *ur/a-k 'far, long' are derived from *ur/a- 'to be long, prolonged'. See VEWT 518, EDT 281, 283, 288-9, ЭСТЯ 1, 570-572, Stachowski 241.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, Stachowski 196. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 364; similarly in Лексика 531-532, ЭСТЯ 4, 218) derives this word from *or- 'to dig', which is rather dubious semantically.
face="Times New Roman Star"kysan- 'нуждаться, иметь надобность'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, EDT 680, Лексика 339, ЭСТЯ 6, 248-249. The root is also attested as kyrs in Tur. dialects, and as qyrzan- in Tuva The verbal form *Kyr/-gan- is sometimes attested as qysg|an- due to a contamination with *Kys-ga- 'short, narrow' (v. sub *ki/so).
face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 288-289, 303, Федотов 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ЭСТЯ 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HYere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 precious gift; wellbeing 2 to tend, make comfortable, be favourable 3 to pity, have compassion
face="Times New Roman Star"1 драгоценный дар; благосостояние 2 быть благоприятным, благосклонным, ухаживать 3 жалеть, иметь сострадание
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| 1, ac?yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 22, 29, ЭСТЯ 1, 92 (together with *ia:c?y- 'bitter'), Stachowski 29. Turk. > WMong. ac?ug| 'wages, rent' (L 8). In modern languages the root tends to be confused with *ia:c?y- 'bitter, bitterness' (v. sub *p`i_a:/c?`o), thus the Oghuz voicing may be a result of secondary contamination and not due to original vowel length; but the two roots are rather well distinguished in Old Turkic, see EDT ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to think, contemplate, worry 2 to miss 3 intelligence 4 thought, worry 5 to read 6 to remember 7 mourning, sad remembrance
face="Times New Roman Star"saq- 1, saqys? 4 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"saq-, sag|yn- 1, saqys? 4 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|y 7
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|y 4, sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- (Буд.) 2, sag|y (Pav. C.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so|g|in- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"seg|in- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sa:Gyn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|ъs? 4
face="Times New Roman Star"a:x- 5, ag|yn- 2, 6
face="Times New Roman Star"a:k- 5, agyn- 2, 6
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2, 6, sag|ys? 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"hag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак 113-114, VEWT 395, EDT 813, Федотов 2, 464, Stachowski 28, 41 (confused with *sa.k-, from which it is often really hard to distinguish), ЭСТЯ 7. Voicing of medial -k- is regular after a long vowel (but it is somewhat strange in MK's text - note also its absence in saqys?).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения
face="Times New Roman Star"is 2
face="Times New Roman Star"is 3
face="Times New Roman Star"is 1
face="Times New Roman Star"his 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 3
face="Times New Roman Star"jъs 3
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"is 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ijis 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ijis 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 379, Егоров 76, Stachowski 263. The original meaning must have been 'smell, odour', see notes to *y:l/(c?) (cf. the opposition ys 'soot' - ijis 'smell' in Nogai etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ЭСТЯ 1, 379-382, Лексика 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"PT *tu"t-u"n, *tu"t-su"g - derivations from *tu"t(e)- 'to smoke'. See VEWT 507, EDT 452, 457-8, 461, TMN 2, 605, Лексика 364-365. The Tuva-Tof. verb meaning 'to rot' may belong here as well, though the absence of pharyngealization in Tof. is strange.
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, 2, tyn- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tinc? 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@m 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3, 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, tyn-s?-yq- 4, tyn-s?-a-j- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn-s-yw 7
face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tyn-c?-y- 'to rot, addle', tyn-c?-aj- 3, tyn-ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"din-ne-n- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 5, tync 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys? 1, tyn-c?-aj- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, EDT 512, ЭСТЯ 3, 341-345, Мудрак Дисс. 38-39, Stachowski 238, 239. Some Oghuz reflexes have voiceless t-, probably because of Kypchak influence; still the reconstruction of *d- seems preferable.
